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From its foundation on 28 December 1885 until the time of independence of India on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, and central and defining influence of the Indian Independence Movement. After independence of India in 1947, Mahatma Gandhi asked the then leaders to dissolve Indian National Congress and form new organisation to govern the nation.〔http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/jaya-produces-proof-on-gandhis-intent-to-dissolve-congress/article4573365.ece〕〔http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jayalalithaa-produces-proof-on-gandhis-intent-to-dissolve-congress-1818118〕〔https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jSXgQYRxfmkC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=gandhi+asked+to+dissolve+congress+party&source=bl&ots=jrjbk4oqc-&sig=un-z9lTYS7KOS3DZxOVCdJRHzQ0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBjgKahUKEwiLnPbGi6fIAhWJPo4KHXjRDl4#v=onepage&q=gandhi%20asked%20to%20dissolve%20congress%20party&f=false〕 ==1885–1907== Founded upon the authority of British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume, the Congress was created to form a platform for civic and political dialogue of educated Indians with the British Raj. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the transfer of India from the East India Company to the British Empire (the Raj), it was the goal of the Raj to support and justify its governance of India with the aid of English-educated Indians, who would be familiar and friendly to British culture and political thinking. Ironically, a few of the reasons the Congress grew and survived in the era of undisputed British hegemony, was through the patronage of British authorities, Anglo-Indians, and a rising Indian educated class. The idea of a safety valve has also been associated with the birth of the Congres: the Congress provided a platform to Indians to bring out their resentment vocally. Its initial aim was to divert the minds of Indians from any sort of physical violence. Hume embarked on an endeavour to get an organization started by reaching-out to selected alumni of the University of Calcutta, writing in his 1883 letter that, "''Every nation secures precisely as good a Government as it merits. If you the picked men, the most highly educated of the nation, cannot, scorning personal ease and selfish objects, make a resolute struggle to secure greater freedom for yourselves and your country, a more impartial administration, a larger share in the management of your own affairs, then we, your friends, are wrong and our adversaries right, then are Lord Ripon's noble aspirations for your good fruitless and visionary, then, at present at any rate all hopes of progress are at an end and India truly neither desires nor deserves any better Government than she enjoys.''" In May 1885, Hume secured the Viceroy's approval to create an "Indian National Union", which would be affiliated with the government and act as a platform to voice Indian public opinion. On 12 October 1885, Hume and a group of educated Indians also published "An Appeal from the People of India to the Electors of Great Britain and Ireland". The Appeal asked British voters in the 1885 British general election to support candidates sympathetic to the positions of Indians. These included opposition to taxing India to finance the British campaigns in Afghanistan, and support for legislative reform in India. The appeal was a failure, and was interpreted by many Indians as "a rude shock, but a true realization that they had to fight their battles alone." On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President.〔 Besides Hume, two additional British members (both Scottish civil servants) were members of the founding group, William Wedderburn and Justice (later, Sir) John Jardine. The other members were mostly Hindus from the Bombay and Madras Presidencies.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Indian National Congress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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